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Gaseous nitrogen can provide performance and cost advantages over water-based fluids in certain formations. Although water-based fracturing fluids are widely used for hydraulic fracturing because they are inexpensive and offer good proppant transport into the fracture, they do have drawbacks. Water-based fluids are unsuitable for water-sensitive formations because they can cause water saturation around the fracture and clay swelling, which may significantly hinder the mass transport of hydrocarbons from the fracture to the well bore. Nitrogen gas is an excellent alternative to water-based fluids in water-sensitive formations, depleted reservoirs, and shallow formations.